25 many 和 much 的用法(作形容词和代词)
A many 和 much
many(形容词)用在可数名词之前。
much(形容词)用在不可数名词之前。
He didn't make many mistakes.
他没犯多少错。
We haven't much coffee.
家里的咖啡不多了。
many 和 much 的比较级和最高级形式相同,都是 more 和 most:
more mistakes/coffee 更多的错误/咖啡
most men/damage 几乎全部的男士/几乎所有的损害
many,much,more,most 可作代词使用:
He gets a lot of letters but she doesn't get many.
他收到的信很多,可她的信不多。
You have a lot of free time but I haven't much.
你有许多空闲时间,可我没有。
more 和 most 的用法较灵活,many 和 much 在否定动词后面用得比较多(见上文的例子),但 many 和 much 在肯定动词和疑问动词后用法较受限制。
B many 和 much 与肯定动词连用
many 前加上 a good/great 时可与肯定动词连用。many 与 much 用 so/as/too 修饰时也可以与肯定动词连用。
I made a good many friends there.
我在那里交了许多朋友。
He has had so many jobs that.
他做过了这么多种工作,以致……
She read as much as she could.
她尽量多读书。
They drink too much(gin).
他们(杜松子酒)喝得太多了。
many是宾语或宾语的一部分而前面不加任何修饰语时,常常被 a lot/lots of(+ 名词)或 a lot,lots(代词)代替。much 是宾语或宾语的一部分时常常被 a great/good deal of(+ 名词)或 agreat/good deal(代词)代替:
I saw a lot/lots of seabirds.I expect you saw a lot too.
我看到了许多海鸟。想必你也看到了许多。
He spends a lot/lots of/a great deal of money on his house.
他在房子上花很多钱。
既可以用 many 也可以用 a lot(of)作主语或作主语的一部分,
但这里的 much 通常由其他形式代替。
但 much 在正规英语中是允许这样用的:
Much will depend on what the minister says.
很多事要取决于部长怎么说。
试将肯定句和否定句作一比较:
He hasn't won many races.
他没有赢过几次比赛。
You've won a lot/lots of races./You've won a lot./You've won a greatmany(races).
你赢过多次比赛。
He didn't eat much fruit.
他没有吃多少水果。
She ate a lot/lots/a great deal of fruit./She ate a lot/a great deal.
她吃了大量的水果。
C many 和 much 与疑问动词连用
两者前都可加 how:
How many times?
多少次?
How much?
多少?
在不用 how 的问句中,many 也可使用。如预期得到的是肯定的回答,则最好使用 a lot(of):
Did you take a lot of photos?I expect you did.
你拍了许多照片吗?我想你拍了。
用 much 时不加 how 是可行的,但其他的几种用法更常见:
Did you have a lot of snow/much snow last year?
去年你们那儿雪下得多吗?
(关于 much 作副词的用法,参见第33节。) |