30 词形相同的副词与形容词
A 下列常见的词既可是形容词,也可是副词:
back |
hard* |
little |
right* |
deep* |
high* |
long |
short* |
direct* |
ill |
low |
still |
early |
just* |
much/more/most* |
straight |
enough |
kindly |
near* |
well |
far |
late* |
pretty* |
wrong* |
fast |
left |
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*请参见本章B节。
作副词 |
作形容词 |
Came back soon.马上回来。
You can dial Rome direct.你可以直拨罗马。
The train went fast.火车开得很快。
They worked hard.他们干得很卖劲。(精力旺盛地)
an ill-made road 修得很差的路
Turn right here.从这里往右转。
She went straight home.她直接回家了。
He led us wrong.他给我们带错路了。
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the back door 后门
the most direct route 最直接的路线
a fast train 一列快车
The work is hard.这是一项艰苦的工作。
You look ill/well.你气色不好/很好。
the right answer 正确答案
a straight line 一条直线
This is the wrong way.这种方法不对。 |
B 上述带星号的词也有 ly 形式,注意它们的意思。
deeply(深深地)主要用于表达感情:
He was deeply offended.
他被深深地触怒了。
directly(直接)主要用于时间和联系方面:
He'll be here directly.
他马上就到。(马上)
The new regulations will affect us directly/indirectly.
新的规章制度直接/不直接影响我们。
(关于 hardly,参见第44节。)
highly(高)主要用于表示抽象概念:
He was a highly paid official.
他是高薪官员。
They spoke very highly of him.
他们对他的评价很高。
justly(公正地)与形容词 just(意为 fair 公正的,right 正确的,lawful 合法的)相对应。但 just 也可用为程度副词。(参见第41节。)
lately(= recently 最近):
Have you seen him lately?
你最近看到过他吗?
mostly(= chiefly 主要地)
nearly(= almost 差不多):
I'm nearly ready.
我差不多快好了。
prettily(漂亮地)与形容词 pretty(美的)相对应:
Her little girls are always prettily dressed.
她的几个小女孩经常穿戴得很漂亮。
但 pretty 也可用为程度副词,意为 very(非常):
The exam was pretty difficult.
考试相当难。
rightly 与一个过去分词连用,意为 justly(正当地)或 correctly(正确地):
He was rightly/justly punished.
他得到了正当的惩罚。
I was rightly/correctly informed.
我得到了正确的消息。
在这两种情况下,第二个副词比较常用。
shortly(= soon很快,不久),briefly(简短地)或 curtly(三言两语地)
wrongly 可与一个过去分词连用:
You were wrongly(incorrectly)informed.
你得到的消息不正确。
但 He acted wrongly.(他做得不对)意为他或是行为上或是道义上做得不对。
C long和near(副词)的用法比较受限制。
1 long
longer,longest 可以不受限制地使用:
It took longer than I expected.
花得时间比我预料的长。
但 long 主要用于表示否定和疑问:
—How long will it take to get there?
—It won't take long.
—到那儿需要多长时间?
—没多长时间。
too/so + long或long + enough 结构可表示肯定语气。另外的办法是使用 a long time:
It would take too long.
那样花时间太多了。
It would take a long time.
那样会需要很长时间。
在日常会话中(for)a long time 常被(for)ages 替代:I waited for ages.
我等了好长时间。
It took us ages to get there.
我们花了好长时间才到那儿。
2 near
nearer,nearest 也可以随意使用,不受限制:
Don't come any nearer.
别再靠近了。
但 near 是原级时,常由 very/quite/so/too 或 enough 来修饰:They live quite near.
他/她们住得很近。
Don't come too near.
别太靠近。
You're near enough.
你已经靠得够近了。
near 作介词与名词、代词或副词连用的情况更为普遍:
Don't go near the edge.
别靠近边缘。
The ship sank near here.
船是在离这里不远的地方下沉的。
D far 和 much 的用法也有限。参见第32节和第33节。 |