41 程度副词
absolutely,slmost,barely,completely,enough,entirely,extremely,fairly,far,hardly,just,much,nearly,only,quite,rather,really,scarcely,so,too,very等
(关于 little,参见第5节D;关于 fairly 和 rather,参见第42节;关于hardly,scarcely,barely,参见第44节;关于quite,参见第43节。)
A 程度副词修饰一个形容词或另一个副词,位于该形容词或副词之前:
You are absolutely right.
你完全正确。
I'm almost ready.
我差不多准备好了。
但 enough 要放在形容词或副词之后:
The box isn't big enough.
这个盒子不够大。
He didn't work quickly enough.
他干得不够快。
(参见第252节B。)
B far 需要带比较级或 too + 原级:
It is far better to say nothing.
不说话要好得多。
He drives far too fast.
他车开得太快了。(超出正常车速很多)
这里可以用 much 替代 far。也可以与最高级连用:
This solution is much the best.
这种解答是最好的。
C 下列程度副词也可以修饰动词:almost,barely,enough,hardly,just,(a)little,much,nearly,quite,rather,really 和 scarcely。除了 much 以外,其他的都可位于主要动词之前,与频度副词的用法相同。(参见第38节。)
He almost/nearly fell.
他几乎/差点儿摔倒。
I am just going.
我正要走。
Tom didn't like it much but I really enjoyed it.
汤姆不太喜欢它,可我倒挺喜欢它。
(关于 much 参见第33节,little/a little 参见第5节D。)
D only 也可以修饰动词,从理论上讲它应紧挨所修饰的词,位于动词、形容词、副词之前,位于名词、代词之前或之后:
(a)He had only six apples.
他只有六个苹果。(不超过六个。)
(b)He only lent the car.
他只是把车借出去了。(他没有把车送给人家。)
(c)He lent the car to me only.
他只是把车借给我了。(不是借给别人。)
(d)I believe only half of what he said.
我对他所说的话只相信一半。
但在英词口语中,人们通常把 only 这个词放在动词之前,通过对only所修饰的词加以重读来体现所要表示的含义:
He only had six apples.
意思与上面(a)相同。
He only lent the car to me.
意思与上面(c)相同。
I only believe half.
意思与上面(d)相同。
E just 与 only 相同,应位于它所修饰的词的前面:
I'll buy just one.
我只买一个。
I had just enough money.
我的钱刚够。
just 也可紧挨动词:
I'll just buy one.
(译文同上。)
I just had enough money.
(译文同上。)
但有时语序上的变化会引起语义上的不同:
Just sign here.相当于:
This is all you have to do.
你只要在这儿签名就行了。
Sign just here.相当于:
Sign in this particular spot.
你就在这个地方签字。
fairly,rather,quite,hardly 等 |