67 it的用法
A it 通常用来代替事物或指代我们不知道其性别的动物，有时也用来指代婴儿或较年幼的小孩：
Where is my map？I left it on the table．
我的地图哪里去了？我把它留在桌子上了。
Look at that bird．It always comes to my window．
看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。
Her new baby is tiny．It only weights 2 kilos．
她刚生出的孩子特别小。只有两公斤重。
B 在下列句子中 it 可以用于指代人：
Ann（on phone）：Who is that？／Who is it？
安（在打电话）：你是谁啊？
Bill：It's me．
比尔：是我。
—Is that Tom over there？
—No，it's Peter．
—是汤姆在那里吗？
—不，是彼得。
C it 用于表示时间、距离、天气、温度和潮水的说法中：
—What time is it？
—It is six．
—现在几点了？
—6点了。
—What's the date？
—It's the third of March．
—今天是几月几号？
—今天是3月3日。
—How far is it to York？
—It is 400 kilometres．
—How long does it take to get there？
—It depends on how you go．
—到约克有多远？
—400公里。
—到那里需要多少时间？
—这要看你怎么走。
It's raining／snowing／freezing．
下雨了／下雪了／要结冰了。
It's frosty．有霜冻。
It is a fine night．
今晚很晴朗。
It's full moon tonight．
今晚月圆。
In winter it's／it is dark at six o'clock．
冬天6点钟天就黑了。
It is hot／cold／quiet／noisy in this room．
这个房间里特别热／冷／安静／吵闹。
It's high tide／low tide．
涨潮了／落潮了。
注意下列句子：
It's／It is three years since I saw him．
相当于：I haven't seen him for three years．
我已经有三年没见到他了。（参见第188节。）
（关于 it is time + 主语 + 过去时态，另参见第293节。）
D 先行主语 it
1 it 可以引导下列类型的句子（分裂句）：
It was Peter who lent us the money．
是彼得借了钱给我们。（不是保罗）
It's today that he's going．
他是今天走。（不是明天）
这种 it 甚至可以与复数名词连用：
It's pilots that we need，not ground staff．
我们需要的是飞行员，不是地勤人员。（参见第76节。）
2 如不定式是句子主语，通常把it置于句首而把不定式放在后面：
It is easy to criticize．
批评是容易的。
而不说：
To criticize is easy．
又如：
It is better to be early．
宁早勿晚。
而不说：
To be early is better．
It seems a pity to give up now．
现在放弃好像很遗憾。
而不说：
To give up now seems a pity．
如果将 it + be 置于 find／think（that）之后，通常 be 和 that 可省略：
He thought（that）it（would be）better to say nothing．
他认为不说话为妙。
We found it impossible to get visas．
我们发现不可能拿到签证。
3 在句子的主语是从句的情况下可以用 it。以下的用法是可以的：
That he hasn't phoned is odd．
令人感到奇怪的是他没打电话。
That prices will go up is certain．
价格肯定要上涨。
但是我们通常这样说：
It's odd that he hasn't phoned．
It's certain that prices will go up．
其他用法：
It never occurred to me that perhaps he was lying．
我从没想到过他可能是在说谎。
lt struck me that everyone was unusually silent．
大家都异乎寻常地沉默使我感到吃惊。
E it／this 可代表句中前面提到过的短语、从句或动词：
He smokes in bed，though I don't like it．（it = his smoking in bed）
他躺在床上抽烟，尽管我不喜欢他这样。
He suggested flying，but I thought it would cost too much．（it = flying）
他建议坐飞机去，可我认为这样花费太大。
F it 还可以充当非人称动词的主语：
it seems 似乎，看起来好像
it appears 似乎，看来
it looks 显得，好像
it happens 碰巧，偶然 |
