92 表示时间的介词 to,till/until,after 和 afterwards(副词)
A to 和 till/until
to 可以用于时间和地点之前;till/until 只用于时间之前。可以用 from…to 或 from…till/until 结构:
They worked from five to ten/from five till ten.
他们从5点工作到10点。(注意勿与 at five to ten 混淆,后者意为9点55分。)
但如果句中没有 from,就要用 till/until 而不用 to:
Let's start now and work till dark.
让我们现在开始工作一直到天黑。(这里不能用 to。)
till/until 常常和否定意义的动词连用,以表示强调时间晚了:
We didn't get home till 2 a.m.
我们一直到凌晨两点钟才到家。
He usually pays me on Friday but last week he didn't pay me till the fol-lowing Monday.
他一般在星期五付给我钱,但上星期他一直到第二周的星期一才把钱给我。
till/until 也常用做时间连词:
We'll stay here till it stops raining.
我们将要呆在这里一直到雨停了。
Go on till you come to the level crossing.
一直走到火车道口的地方。
注意:如果省略了 you come to,那么就要由 to 来代替 till:
Go on to the level crossing.
一直走到火车道口的地方。
B after, afterwards(副词)
after 是介词,后面必须接名词、代词或动名词:
Don't bathe immediately atrer a meal/after eating.
不要饭后/吃饭后就游泳。
Don't have a meal and bathe immediately after it.
不要就餐之后立即游泳。
如果我们不想用名词、代词或动名词,就不能用 after,但可以用 afterwards(= after that)或者 then:
Don't have a meal and bathe immediately afterwards.
(译文同上)
They bathed and afterwards played game/played games afterwards./ They bathed and then played games.
他们游了泳,然后做游戏。
afterwards 可以位于句首或句末并且可以由 soon,immediately,not long 等修饰:
Soon afterwards we got a letter.
不久之后我们收到了一封信。
We got a letter not long afterwards.
(译文同上。)
after 也可以作连词用:
After he had tuned the piano it sounded quite different.
他给钢琴校过音之后,钢琴的声音完全不同了。 |