116 there is/are/was/were 等
A 表示不定的人或物的名词作动词 be 的主语时,通常用 there + be + 名词结构。可以说 A policeman is at the door(门口站着一位警察),但通常说 There is a policeman at the door(有一位警察站在门口)。
注意:虽然 there 像是主语,但真正的主语却是跟在动词之后的名词。如果该名词是复数,动词在数上就必须和它一致:
There are two policemen at the door.
有两个警察站在门口。
上述两种句子结构(即名词 + be 结构和 there + be + 名词结
构)都是可行的,当 be 意为 exist(存在)/happen(发生)/takeplace(发生)时 there 结构是必要的:
There is a mistake/There are mistakes in this translation.
这篇译文里有错误。
这个句子不能改写成 A mistake is/Mistakes are 等。
在下列句子中,例句之后加(R)的表示 there 结构可被名词/代词+动词结构代替:
There have been several break-ins this year.
今年发生了好几起强行入室盗窃事件。
There will be plenty of room for everyone.
将有足够的房间分给大家。
There were hundreds of people on the beach.(R)
海滩上有成千上万的人。
B there 同样也可以与 someone/anyone/no one/something 等连用:
There'someone on the phone for you.(R)
有你的电话。
C there + be + something/nothing/anything + 形容词结构也是可以的:
-Is there anything wrong(with your car)?(R)
-No,there is nothing wrong with it.(R)
-(你的车)出了什么毛病吗?
-不,没出什么毛病。
There's something odd/strange about this letter.
这封信有点奇怪。
D 名词或 someone/something 等后面可跟关系从句:
There's a film I want to see.
有部电影我想去看。
There's something I must say.
我有些话必须得说。
或后面跟动词不定式:
There's nothing to do.
没事可干。(没我们干的事/必须干的事。)
(参见第250节。)
E there 结构可以与另一个助动词 + be 结构连用:
There must be no doubt about this.
这一点不能含糊。
There may be a letter for me.
大概有我一封信。
或与 seem + be,appear + be 连用:
There seems to be something wrong here.
这儿好像有点不大对劲。
F 以上这么用的 there 通常不重读。
注意不要将有以上用法的 there 与当做副词用并带有重音的 there 搞混:
There's a man I want to see.
那就是我想见的人。(他站在门口。)
请比较:
There's a man I want to see.
我要见个人。(这个人存在。) |