225 if + were 以及主语和助动词的倒装
A 用 if + were 而不用 if + was 的情况
1 通常两种形式都可以用,were 更适合较正式的英语:
If she was/were offered the job she'd take it.
如果给她提供那份工作,她就会接受。(两者都可用。)
If Tom was/were here he'd know what to do.
如果汤姆在这里,他会知道该怎么办。
2 If I were/was you I would/should… 是一种表示劝告的方式,were 要比 was 用得普遍些:
‘If I were you I would wait a bit,' he said.
他说:“我要是你的话,就再等一会儿。”(参见第287节C。)
were 用于带 to 的不定式结构的情况更为常见:
If Peter were/was to apply for the post he'd get it.
要是彼得申请这个职务,他会得到的。(参见第222节B。)
3 以助动词置于主语前而构成条件句时,则只用 were 而不用 was:
Were I Tom I would refuse.
如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝的。(参见下面B。)
if 意为 since(由于,既然,参见第222节C)时,was 不能由 were 代替;在 if only(参见第228节)和 wish(参见第300节)之后,were 可以由 was 来代替。
B 在正式的英语中,if + 主语 + 助动词结构中可以省略if,同时使助动词位于主语前面:
If I were in his shoes…相当于:
Were I in his shoes…
如果我处于他的地位……
If you should require anything… 相当于:
Should you require anything…
你需要什么的话……
If he had known… 相当于:
Had he known…
要是他当时知道的话…… |