242 动词 + how/what/when/where/which/why + 不定式
A 这类动词中最常用的有 ask,decide,discover,find out,forget,know,learn,remember,see(= understand/perceive),show + 宾语,think,understand,want to know,wonder:
He discovered how to open the safe.
他发现了打开保险柜的方法。
I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
我找到了买便宜水果的地方。
I didn't know when to switch the machine off.
我不知道什么时候关掉机器。
I showed her which button to press.
我告诉她应该按哪一个按钮。
She couldn't think what to asy.
她想不出说什么。
(注意:这种结构不常用于动词 think 的现在式和过去式之后,但可以用于 think 的其他形式之后,或者如上面最后一个例句那样,用于前面还有一个助动词的 think 之后。)
B whether + 不定式同样可以用于 want to know,wonder 之后:
I wonder/wondered whether to write or phone.
我不知道应该写信还是应该打电话。
这种结构还可以用于表示否定意义或疑问意义的 decide,know,remember 和 think 后面:
You needn't decide yet whether to study arts or science.
你现在不必决定学习文科还是理科。
He couldn't remember whether to turn left or right.
他没记住向左拐还是向右拐。
C ask,decide,forget,learn,remember 等词后也可以直接跟不定式。(参见第241节。)但其含义并不一定相同。
learn how + 不定式(= acquire a skill 学会技能):
She learnt how to make lace.
她学会了怎样做花边。
如果是相当普通的技能,通常就不用 how:
She learnt to drive a car.
她学会了开汽车。
learn + 不定式(不带 how)可以有另一种含义:
She learnt to trust nobody.
她信不过任何人。相当于:
She found from experience that it was better to trust nobody.
经验告诉她,谁都不可靠。
同时注意:
I decided to do it.
我决定要做这件事。相当于:
I said to myself,‘I'll do it.'
我心里想:“我要做这件事。”
I decided how to do it.
我决定了如何去做这件事。相当于:
I said to myself,‘ I'll do it this way.'
我心里想:“我要这样做。”
I remembered to get a ticket.
我没忘了弄一张票。(我弄到一张票。)
I remembered where to get a ticket.
我记得到哪儿买票。(我记得可以从音乐节办公室买到票。) |