303 主动和被动时态对照表
A 时态／动词形式/主动态/被动态:
| 时态动词形式 |
主动词 |
被动词 |
一般现在时
现在进行时
一般过去时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
条件语气
条件语气完成式
不定式一般式
不定式完成式
现在分词/动名词
分词完成式 |
keeps
is keeping
kept
was keeping
has kept
had kept
will keep
would keep
would have kept
to keep
to have kept
keeping
having kept |
is kept
is being kept
was kept
was being kept
has been kept
had been kept
will be kept
would be kept
would have been kept
to be kept
to have been kept
being kept
having been kept |
B 在口语化的话语中，有时用 get 代替 be：
The eggs got（= were）broken．
鸡蛋破了。
You'll get（= be）sacked if you take any more time off．
你要是再溜号不上班，就会被炒鱿鱼了。
C 注意：从理论上讲，句子如含有一个直接宾语和一个间接宾语时，可以有两种被动态形式：
Someone gave her a bulldog．
有人送给她一只牛头狗。
She was given a bulldog．
有人送给她一只牛头狗。
A bulldog was given to her．
（译文同上。）
第一种形式远较第二种形式更为常用，即应把间接宾语（而不是直接宾语）变成被动态动词的主语。（参见第302节E，F。）D 对主动态动词的主语是谁（或是什么）提问时，常用陈述语序（参见第55节）：
What delayed you？
什么事耽误了你？
Which team won？
哪个队赢了？
同样，对被动态动词主语是谁（或是什么）提问时，也常用陈述语序：
—Something was done．
—What was done？
—干了一些事。
—干了什么事？
—One of them was sold．
—Which of them was sold？
—其中的一个被卖掉了。
—其中的哪一个被卖了？
主动态问句中的疑问动词可以变为被动态问句中的肯定动词：
What did they steal？（主动语态，疑问动词）
他们偷走了什么？
What was stolen？（被动语态，肯定动词）
什么东西被偷走了？
不过，如问句针对被动态动词的施动者，则必须使用疑问动词：
Who painted it？（主动语态，肯定动词）
这是谁画的？
Who was it painted by？（被动语态，疑问动词）这是谁画的？
在其他类型的问句中，无论是用了主动语态还是用了被动语态，均使用疑问动词：
When／Where／Why did he patit it？（主动语态）
他在何时／何地／为何画这个？
When／Where／why was it painted？（被动语态）
它是在何时／何地／为何画出来的？ |
