308 间接引语中的陈述句时态须作必要的改变
A 间接引语可以由用现在时态的动词引导:He says that…
这种用法常用于下列情况:
(a)复述仍在进行中的对话;
(b)读信件并转述信中的内容;
(c)读指示命令并转述其内容;
(d)复述某人经常说的话。
Tom says that he'll never get married.
汤姆说他永远不结婚。
引述的动词如是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时,在转述直接引语过程中可以不作任何时态改变:
Paul(phoning from the station):I'm trying to get a taxi.
保罗(从车站打电话来):我正在设法雇出租汽车。
Ann(to Mary,who is standing beside her):Paul says he is trying to get a taxi.
安(对站在身旁的玛丽说):保罗说他正在设法雇出租汽车。
B 通常间接引语都是由用过去时态的动词引导的。这时直接引语中的动词必须变成相应的过去时态。这些变化列表如下(在后五个例句中省去了 that):
直接引语 |
间接引语 |
一般现在时 |
一般过去时 |
‘I never eat meat ,' he explained. 他解释道:“我从不吃肉。” |
He explained that he never ate meat.他解释说他从不吃肉。 |
现在进行时 |
过去进行时 |
‘I'm waiting for Ann,' he said.他说:“我在乖安。” |
He said (that) he was waiting for Ann.他说他在等安。 |
现在完成时 |
过去完成时 |
‘I have found a flat,' he said.他说:“我已经找到一套公寓。” |
He said (that) he had found a flat.他说他已经找到一套公寓。 |
现在完成进行时 |
过去完成进行时 |
He said,‘I've been waiting for ages.'他说:“我已经等了很久了。” |
He said he had been waiting for ages.'他说他等了很久了。 |
一般过去时 |
过去完成时 |
‘I took it home with me,' she said.她说:“我把它带回家了。” |
She said she had taken it home with her.她说她把它带回家了。 |
一般将来时 |
条件语气 |
He said,"I will/shall be in Paris on Monday.'他说:“我星期一将在巴黎了。” |
He said he would be in Paris on Monday.他说他星期一将在巴黎了。 |
将来进行时 |
条件进行时 |
‘I will/shall be using the car myself on the 24th.' she said.她说:“24号我自己要用车。” |
She said she'd using the car herself on the 24th.她说24号她自己要用车。 |
条件语气中的变化 |
条件语气 |
I said,‘I would/should like to see it.'我说:“我想看一看。” |
I said I would/should like to see it.我当时说我想看一看。(没有时态的变化,另参见第227节。) |
C 注意 I/we shall/should 的用法
I/we shall 通常在间接引语中变为 he/she/they would:
‘I shall be 21 tomorrow,'said Bill.
比尔说:“明天我就21岁了。”相当于:
Bill said he would be 21 the following day.
比尔说第二天他就满21周岁了。
如果句子是由原说话人复述的,I/we shall 就既可以变成 I/we
should,也可以变成 I/we would,但 would 用得更为普遍。
同样,I/we should 在间接引语中通常变成 he/she/they would:
‘If I had the instruction manual I should/would know what to do,'said Bill.
比尔说:“如果我有说明书,我就知道该怎么弄了。”相当于:
Bill said that if he had the instruction manual he would know what to do.
比尔说如果他有说明书他就知道该怎么弄了。
但是如果句子由原说话人复述,I/we should 既可以保持不变也可以由 would 来代替。请见B中最后一个例句。 |