346 名词从句作动词宾语
A 许多主要是表示交流思想的动词之后可以使用 that 从句。下面是一些较常用的这一类动词:
acknowledge |
decide(wh) |
imply |
admit |
demand |
indicate(wh) |
advise |
demonstrate |
inform |
agree |
determine |
insist |
allege |
know(wh) |
discover |
announce |
doubt |
learn |
appear |
estimate(wh) |
make out(=state) |
arrange(wh) |
expect |
mean |
ask(wh) |
fear |
notice(wh) |
assume |
feel |
observe |
assure |
find(wh) |
occur to + 宾语 |
beg |
forget(wh) |
order |
believe(wh) |
guarantee |
perceive |
command |
happen |
presume |
confess |
hear(wh) |
pretend |
consider(wh) |
hope |
promise |
declare |
magine(wh) |
propose |
prove(wh) |
say(wh) |
think(wh) |
realize(wh) |
see(wh) |
threaten |
recognize |
seem |
turn out |
recommend |
show(wh) |
understand(wh) |
remark |
state(wh) |
urge |
remember(wh) |
stipulate |
vow |
remind |
suggest(wh) |
warn |
request |
suppose(wh) |
wish |
resolve |
teach |
wonder(wh) |
reveal(wh) |
tell(wh) |
此外,在其他一些表示交流的动词之后也可使用 that 从句,如 complain,deny,explain 等。(参见第316节C。)
关于上面表中所注的 wh 见下面E节。
例句如:
They alleged/made out that they had been unjustly dismissed.
他们声称/自称他们被不公平地解雇了。
He assumes that we agree with him.
他径自认为我们同意他了。
I can prove that she did it.
我能证明是她干的。
B 上面大多数动词可以与另一结构连用。(参见第二十三章至第二十六章。)
注意:动词 + that 从句并不一定与同一动词 + 不定式/动名词/现在分词意思相同:He saw her answering the letters(他看见她在写回信)意为他看到她正在做这件事。但 He saw that she answered the letters 可有两种意思:或者他注意到她做了这件事,或者他通过督促确实使她干了这件事。
C appear,happen,occur,seem,turn out 需用 it 作主语:
It appears/seems that we have come on the wrong day.
好像我们来得不是时候。
It occurred to me that he might be lying.
我忽然想起他可能是在说谎。
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果发现没人记得这地址。
D 在agree,arrange,be anxious,beg,command,decide,demand,determine,be determined,order,resolve 和 urge 这些词之后可以用 that + 主语 + should 来代替不定式,并且在 insist 及 suggest 后面可用这一结构而不用动名词:
They agreed/decided that a statue should be put up.
他们同意/决定要立起一座雕塑。
He urged that the matter should go to arbitration.
他极力主张这件事要提交仲裁。
He suggested that a reward should be offered.
他建议要悬赏。
(另参见第235节与第302节E。)
E A中标有(wh)的动词后面也可以跟所谓 wh 词(即 what,when,where,who 与 why)或 how 开头的名词从句:
He asked where he was to go.
他问他该去哪儿。
They'll believe whatever you tell them.
无论你告诉他们什么,他们都会相信的。
I forget who told me this.
我忘了这是谁告诉我的。
Have you heard how he is getting on?
你听说他怎么样了吗?
I can't think why he left his wife.
我想不出他为什么会离开他的妻子。
I wonder when he will pay me back.
我不知道他什么时候会还钱给我。 |