常用的前缀和后缀
1.常用前缀
aero:concerning the air or aircraft
plane( 飞机)— aeroplane(飞机)
space(空间,间隔)— aerospace(航空宇宙)
anti: against;opposite of
nuclear([核]核子的)— antinuclear(反对使用核武器的)
matter( 物质)— antimatter(反物质)
war(战争、作战、 打仗)— antiwar(反战的,反对战争的)
auto: of or by oneself
biography(传记)— autobiography(自传)
criticism(批评,批判)— autocriticism(自我反省,自我检讨)
be:to treat as the stated thing
friend(朋友,助手)— befriend(待人如友,帮助)
little(很少的,矮小的,很少)— belittle(轻视,使渺小,使……显得渺小)
bi: two;twice;double
lingual(语言的)— bilingual(能说两种语言的)
cycle( 自行车)— bicycle(脚踏车,自行车)
bio:concerning living things
chemistry(化学)— biochemistry(生物化学)
sphere(圈子)— biosphere(生物圈)
by — :less important
product(产品,产物,)— by-product(副产品,附加产物)
way(路,道路)— byway(小道)
centi: hundredth part
grade(等级)— centigrade(分为百度的,百分度的,摄氏温度的)
meter(米)— centimeter(厘米)
co: together,with
author(作家,创造者)— coauthor(合著者,共同执笔者,合著)
exist(存在,生存)— coexist(共存)
col:(used before l)together,with
location(位置,场所)— collocation(排列,配置)
com:(used before b,m,p)together,with
passion(激情,热情)— compassion(同情,怜悯)
con:together,with
centric(中心的,中央的)— concentric(同中心的)
federation(同盟,联邦,联合,联盟)— confederation(联邦)
contra:opposite
diction(措辞,用语,言语)— contradiction(反驳,矛盾)
natural(自然的,自然界的)— contranatural(违背自然的)
cor:(used before r)together,with
relate(叙述,讲,使联系,发生关系)— correlate(使相互关联,和……相关)
respond(回答,响应,作出反应,有反应)— correspond(符合,协调,通信,相当,相应)
counter:opposite
act(担当,表现,见效)— counteract(抵消,中和,阻碍)
attack(攻击)— counterattck(反引力)
cross:across;going between the stated things and joining them
country(乡下的,乡村的,[方]祖国的,故乡的)— crosscountry(越野的,横过田野的)
breed((使)繁殖,教养,抚养,品种,种类)— crossbreed([生物]杂种,异种交配,培育杂种,(使)杂交)
de:showing an opposite; to remove; to reduce
code(代码,密码)— decode(解码,译解)
value(评价,重视)— devalue((=devaluate)减值,贬值)
dis:not; the opposite of
advantage(优势,有利条件)— disadvantage(不利,不利条件,缺点,劣势)
agree(同意)— disagree(不一致,不适宜)
honest(诚实的,正直的)— dishonest(不诚实的)
em:(used before b,m,p)to cause to become
body(赋以形体)— embody(具体表达,使具体化)
power(权力,激励)— empower(授权与,使能够)
en:to cause to become; to make
danger( 威胁)— endanger(危及)
large(大的,巨大的)— enlarge(扩大,放大)
ex:former(and still living)
minister(部长,大臣)— exminister (前部长)
wife(妻子)— exwife(前妻)
extra:outside;beyond
curricular(课程的)— extracurricular(课外的,业余的)
ordinary(平常的,普通的,平凡的)— extraordinary(非常的,特别的,非凡的)
fore:in advance,before; in or at the front
arm(臂,武器,装备)— forearm(前臂,准备战斗,预先武装,准备)
warn(警告)— forewarn(预先警告)
il:(used before l)not
legal(法律的,合法)— illegal(违法的,不合规定的)
literate(学者,有文化的,有阅读和写作能力的)— illiterate(违法的,不合规定的)
im:(used before b,m,p)not
moral(道德(上)的,精神的,道德)— immoral(不道德的,邪恶的,放荡的,淫荡的)
possible(可能的)— impossible(不可能的)
in:not
direct(径直的,直接的)— indirect(间接的,迂回的)
sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的)— insensitive(对……没有感觉的,感觉迟钝的)
infra:below in a range; beyond
red(红(色)的)— infrared(红外线的,红外线)
structure(结构,构造)— infrastructure(下部构造,基础下部组织)
inter:between;among
change(改变,变化)— interchange((指两人等)交换,相互交换)
national(国家的,民族的)— international(国际的,世界的,国际性组织,国际比赛)
intra:inside,within;into
city(城市,都市)— intracity(市内的)
department(部,局,处,科,部门,系,学部)— intradepartment(内部)
ir:(used before r)not
regular(规则的,有秩序的)— irregular(不规则的,无规律的)
responsible(有责任的,可靠的)— irresponsible(不负责任的,不可靠的)
kilo:thousand
gram(克,)— kilogram([物]千克,公斤)
meter(米)— kilometer(公里)
macro:large,esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of
particular parts of
economics(经济学)— macroeconomics(宏观经济学)
structure(宏观结构)— macrostructure(宏观结构)
mal:bad or badly
function(官能,功能,作用)— malfunction(故障)
treat(宴请,款待)— maltreat(虐待,滥用)
micro:extremely small
computer(计算机,电脑)— microcomputer(微进化)
electronics(电子学)— microelectronics([电子]微电子学)
mid:middle
day(天,白天)— midday(正午)
night(夜,夜晚)— midnight(午夜)
mini:small;short
bus(公共汽车)— minibus( 小型公共汽车)
skirt(裙子)— miniskirt
(迷你短裙,超短裙)
mis:bad or badly;wrong or wrongly
fortune( 运气,好运)— misfortune(不幸,灾祸)
understand(懂,了解)— misunderstand(误解,误会)
mono:one;single
plane( 飞机)— monoplane(单翼机)
tone(音调,语调)— monotone(单调的,单调)
multi:more than one;many
purpose(目的,意图)— multipurpose(多种用途的,多目标的)
national(国家的,国立[有]的,民族的)— multinational(多民族的)
non:not
resident — non()resident
sense 理性, 认识 — nonsense(胡说,废话)
out:outside;eyond
live(活的,生动的)— outlive(比……长命,比……耐久)
door(门,通道,家,户)— outdoor(室外的,户外的,野外的)
over:too much;above; additional
head(头,头的,主要的)— overhead(在头上的,在头顶上,在空中,在高处)
time(时间,时侯,时机,)— overtime(超时,加班,延长时间,超时的,加班的,加班地,使超时)
poly:many
centric(中心的,中央的)— polycentric(多中心的)
syllabic([语] 音节主音,音节的)— polysyllabic(多音节的)
post:later than;after
graduate((大学)毕业生,研究生,(使)(大学)毕业)— postgraduate(研究所学生,研究生,毕业后的)
war(战争,作战,打仗)— postwar(战后的)
pre:before;in advance
pay(薪水,工资,支付)— prepay(预付)
war(战争,作战,打仗)— prewar(战前的,在战前)
pro:in favor of,supporting
America(<美>美国,美洲(包括北美和南美洲))— proAmerica
abortion — proabortion(流产,堕胎,失败,夭折,中止,早产)
pseudo:not real;false
name( 姓名)— pseudonym(假名,笔名)
science(科学,自然科学)— pseudoscience(假科学,伪科学)
re:again;back to the former state
unite(联合,团结)— reunite((使)再结合)
use(使用)— reuse(再使用,重新使用)
self:by means of oneself or itself;of,to,with,for,or in oneself or itself
employed(雇用,用,使用)— selfemployed
taught(teach的过去式和过去分词)— selftaught
semi:half;partly
circle(圆周,圆形物)— semicircle(半圆形)
final( 决赛)— semifinal(半决赛)
step:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried
mother(母亲,妈妈)— stepmother(继母)
children(孩子,孩子们)— stepchildren(继子,继女)
sub:under,below;less imortant;part of the stated bigger whole
divide(分,划分,分开,隔开)— subdivide(再分,细分)
section(部分)— subsection(分部,分段)
super:more,larger,greater than usual
market(市场)— supermarket(超级市场)
natural(自然的,自然界的,普通的,正常的)— supernatural(超自然的,神奇的,超自然物,不可思议的事)
tele:at or over a long distance;by or for television communication — telecommunication
screen(屏,银幕)— telescreen(电视屏幕,荧光屏)
therm(o):concerning heat
chemistry(化学)— thermochemistry(热化学)
meter( 计,表)— thermometer(温度计,体温计)
trans:across,on or to the other side of; between
Atlantic(大西洋)— transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)
plant(种植,栽培,培养)— transplant(移植,移种)
tri:three;three times
angular(有角的)— triangular(三角形的)
cycle( 自行车)— tricycle(三轮车,机器三轮车)
ultra:beyond;very,extremely
modern(近代的,现代的)— ultramodern(超现代化的)
sound(声音,语音)— ultrasound(超频率音响)
un:not
certain(确定的,必然的,可靠的)— uncertain(无常的,不确定的,不可预测的,靠不住的)
fortunate(幸运的,幸福的)— unfortunate(不幸的,使人遗憾的)
under:too little;below
develop(发展,显影)— underdevelop((使)发展不完全,(使)显影不足)
sea(海洋,大浪)— undersea(海面下的)
uni:one;single
form( 形态,构成)— uniform(统一的,相同的)
directional(方向的)— unidirectional(单向的,单向性的)
vice:next in the rank;below
chairman(主席,会长)— vicechairman(副主席,副议长) |