介词with的用法

With是个介词，基本的意思是“用”，但它也可以协助构成一个极为多采多姿的句型，在句子中起两种作用；副词与形容词。

with在下列结构中起副词作用：

1.“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”，如：

(1) This article deals with common social ills, with particular attention being paid to vandalism.

2.“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”，如：

(2) With different techniques used, different results can be obtained.

(3) The TV mechanic entered the factory with tools carried in both hands.

3.“with+宾语+形容词或短语”，如：

(4) With so much water vapour present in the room, some iron-made utensils have become rusty easily.

(5) Every night, Helen sleeps with all the windows open.

4.“with+宾语＋介词短语”，如：

(6) With the school badge on his shirt, he looks all the more serious.

(7) With the security guard near the gate no bad character could do any thing illegal.

5.“with+宾语＋副词虚词”，如：

(8) You cannot leave the machine there with electric power on.

(9) How can you lock the door with your guests in?

上面五种“with”结构的副词功能，相当普遍，尤其是在科技英语中。

接着谈“with”结构的形容词功能，有下列五种：

一、“with+宾语+现在分词或短语”，如：

(10) The body with a constant force acting on it. moves at constant pace.

(11) Can you see the huge box with a long handle attaching to it ?

二、“with+宾语+过去分词或短语”

(12) Throw away the container with its cover sealed.

(13) Atoms with the outer layer filled with electrons do not form compounds.

三、“with+宾语+形容词或短语”，如：

(14) Put the documents in the filing container with all the drawers open.

四、“with+宾语+介词短语”，如：

(15) The young lady with a red ribbon on her head is my former maths teacher.

(16) Do you know the gentleman with both hands in his pockets?

五、“with+宾语+副词虚词，”如：

(17) Is there any water in the kettle with this cover off ?

(18) Out went the boy scouts with their uniforms on.

虽然只是一个介词，但表达的意义却很多，使用率也是很高的。现将其在初中课本中出现的主要意义及用法小结如下：

1.指关系，适应范围，表示“关于，对于，就……来说”。如：

The doctor found that there was something wrong with Jame’s eyes.

Things go on well with us.

What do you want with me?

2.指同伴，同道（行为方式），表示“和……一起”“同……一起”。如：

They are with me in China.

Can you come to swim with us?

3.指工具，手段（行为方式），表示“用”。如：

Let’s begin with this question.

4.指所有物（行为方式），表示“有，带，在……身边”如：

Run with the nice kite like this.

5.指在……方面（行为方式），表示“做”。如：

I have to help Dad with the cooking.=I have to help Dad do the cooking.

6.与构成固定搭配，指对待、对付、处置，表示“利用，使用”。如：

What do the farmers do with your machines?

Here is a table for two. Is it OK with you?