《英语单词拼读规则》简介　　第一章　第二章　第三章　第四章　第五章　第六章　第七章-A　第七章-B　第八章-A　第八章-B　第八章-C　第九章　第十章　第十一章　第十二章　第十三章　第十四章　第十五章

第十章 单元字符在非重读音节中的读音 看视频

单元字符	读 音	例 词	编 号
a	[]	China another woman breakfast	2-01
	[]	orange comrade village cabbage	2-02
e	[]	hundred student open moment	2-03
	[]]	chicken pocket begin children	2-04
i/y	[]/[]]	holiday beautiful family animal	2-05
	[a]]	exercise satellite	2-06
o	[]	second tonight somebody welcome	2-07
	[u]	also zero photo	2-08
u	[]	autumn difficult	2-09
	[ju(:)]	popular congretulation January	2-10
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[e]音，例如：operate celebrate separate			2-11
u处在开音节位置，又在单辅字符j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue			2-12

绝对弱化现象（元字符及辅字符都可出现绝对弱化现象，如辅音中的爆破音失去爆破）

carnation[k:nen]，未弱化的读音为[k:nein]

physiognomy 字母g的发音被绝对弱化了。

在非重读音节中的单元字符常有省略发音的现象（绝对弱化现象）

vegetable [vedtbl] → [vedtbl] 蔬菜
factory [fktri] → [fktri] 工厂
literature [ltrt] → [ltrt] 文学
university [ju:nv:sti] → [ju:nv:sti] 大学
temperature [temprt] → [temprt] 温度
environment [nvarnmnt] → [nvarnmnt] 环境
interest [ntrst] → [ntrst] 兴趣（前面一个字母e的读音被省略）
every [evri] 每个（后面一个字母e的读音被省略）
chocolate [tklt] 巧克力（后面一个字母o的读音被省略）

innocent [nsnt]无罪的
present [preznt]出席
lavatory [lvtr]厕所
opera [pr]歌剧
natural [ntrl]

元字符在非重读音节中的非弱化现象

元字符 在非重读音节中会出现非弱化现象，即在非重读音节中仍按重读音节规则发音。也可以将这种非弱化音节理解为弱重读音节。例如：

exercise 练习	robot 机器人	dialogue 对话
satisfy	radio	crocodile 鳄鱼
concept 概念	concrete 混凝土	congress 代表大会
combat 战斗
piano 钢琴	photo	donate
apricot	athletic	context
chloride 氯化物	aerosol[] n.烟，雾	phenol[] 酚苯
etiquette	programme	alcohol 酒精

Compare the pronunciation of at in the following two sentences:

I got up at/t/ six o'clock.

What are you looking at/t/?

In the first sentence, at is not stressed(prepositions, conjunctions, articles, pronouns and auxiliary verbs are not usuallly stressed). In the second example, at is at the end of the sentence, in a more important position, and so has the stressed pronunciation /t/. There are around fifty words like at, which have two pronunciations: a ‘strong form', in which the vowel is generally pronounced as it is written, and a ‘weak form', in which the vowel is pronounced with // or //. The weak form is much more common than the other; the strong form is only used if the word is specially stressed for some reason. Compare:

I was late./wz/

It was raining./wz/

Yes, I was./wz/

I must go now./ms(t)/

I really must stop smoking./mst/

Where have you been?/v/

You should have told me./v/

We usually have dinner at eight./hv/(Have is the main verb in this sentence.)

Note that the contracted negative always has a strong pronunciation.

can't /k:nt/(US:/knt/)

mustn't /msnt/

wasn't /msnt/

The most important words which have strong and weak forms are:

	strong form	weak form
a	/e/	//
am	/m/	/m/
an	/n/	/n/
and	/nd/	/nd,n/
are	/:(r)/	/(r)/
as	/z/	/z/
at	/t/	/t/
be	/bi:/	/b/
been	/bi:n/	/bn/
but	/bt/	/bt/
can	/kn/	/kn/
could	/kd/	/kd/
do	/du:/	/d/
does	/dz/	/dz/
for	/f:(r)/	/f(r)/
from	/frm/	/frm/
had	/hd/	/hd,d/
has	/hz/	/hz,z/
have	/hv/	/hv,v/
he	/hi:/	/h,/
her	/h:/	/h(r),(r)/
him	/hm/	/m/
his	/hz/	/z/
is	/z/	/z,s/
must	/mst/	/mst,ms/
not	/nt/	/nt/
of	/v/	/v/
our	/a(r)/	/:(r)/
Saint	/sent/	/snt/ (GB only)
shall	/l/	/l/
she	/i:/	//
should	/d/	/d/
sir	/s:(r)/	/s(r)/
some	/sm/	/sm/
than	/n/	/n/
that(conj)	/t/	/t/
the	/i:/	/,/
them	/em/	/m/
there(see 599)	/e(r)/	/(r)/
to	/tu:/	/t/
us	/s/	/s/
was	/wz/	/wz/
we	/wi:/	/w/
were	/w:(r)/	/w(r)/
who	/hu:/	/h/
would	/wd/	/wd,d/
will	/wl/	/l,l/
you	/ju:/	/j/
your	/j:(r)/	/j(r)/

②单元字符在非重读音节中的非弱化现象。

单元字符 未标注重音符号的音节，会出现弱重读现象，即按重读音节规则发音。例如：

复元字符在非重读音节中也有非弱化现象。例如： carnation[ k:nen ]

单元字符 在非重读音节中的非弱化读音，也可以理解为弱重读音节。

更多的非弱化现象:
aspect 方面
climax 高潮
comment 评论
complex 复杂的
matador [mtd:]斗牛士
migrate [maret]迁徒
robot机器人
syntax 句法
alcohol 酒精

答案

slogan	target	hundred	chicken
element	cottage	horrid	ratify
library	congratulation	orange	military
hybrid 混合物；杂种	toilet	children	history
holiday	magpie 喜鹊	forum	stereo

《英语单词拼读规则》简介　　第一章　第二章　第三章　第四章　第五章　第六章　第七章-A　第七章-B　第八章-A　第八章-B　第八章-C　第九章　第十章　第十一章　第十二章　第十三章　第十四章　第十五章